An early version of this article appeared as "Cyber-Physical Systems Education: Explorations and Dreams." 30ĭuring the Spring 2008 semester, Edward Lee and I co-taught the first offering of "Introduction to Embedded Systems," the undergraduate course in CPS we created at Berkeley. 26 The trails are presented in rough, but not strict, chronological order. It is not meant to be a survey of approaches to CPS education for that, I refer the reader to a recent article by Marwedel et al. This article is my attempt to report these explorations, the results, the lessons learned, and to extrapolate them as ideas for the future of CPS education. It has comprised several smaller explorations, undertaken roughly in parallel over the last 14 years, along various "trails" in CPS education. I have been fortunate to join several academic colleagues, industry collaborators, and students on the CPS education expedition described in this article. Major expeditions to explore the unknown are generally best undertaken by a team this has been true of expeditions to discover new worlds, and it is true of expeditions in research and teaching. From these discussions, however, emerged the basic contours of an undergraduate course, which developed over the next decade into a broader "expedition" in CPS education. A further obstacle was trying to balance theoretical content with practical, lab-based coursework.
A major challenge to this effort was the breadth of topics needed to cover the area. Berkeley had already been a pioneer in CPS research and graduate education for several years, but no undergraduate courses focused on CPS. Discussions began about developing curricula to train students who were interested in working in the broad area of CPS.ĭuring the 2006–2007 academic year, a small group of educators from the University of California, Berkeley's Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (EECS) department-including Edward Lee, Claire Tomlin, and myself-met to discuss the creation of an undergraduate CPS curriculum. A nascent research community emerged, building on a momentum that cut across fields such as embedded systems, real-time systems, hybrid systems, control theory, sensor networks, and formal methods. National Science Foundation coined the term "cyber-physical systems" (CPS) to capture an emerging discipline concerned with the integration of computation with physical processes. Trail 3: Online Education and Exercise GenerationĮxplorations in CPS education and related research projects over the past two decades unveil where CPS learning is headed.Contributed articles: Explorations in cyber-physical systems education
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